As far as I understand it, both structuralism and cognitive psychology are about trying to understand “mental processes” – how we think and how thinking works.
Structuralism was one of the very first ways of thinking about psychology, and it tried to understand how the mind works by researchers analysing their own thoughts (which they called “introspection”). Cognitive psychology is more modern and uses a lot of different research methods to understand mental processes.
Structuralism isn’t popular anymore, and other kinds of psychology like cognitive psychology have replaced it.
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